Thermodynamic State Variable Calculator
Work Done: - J
Heat Transfer: - J
Change in Internal Energy: - J
Entropy Change: - J/K
Understanding Thermodynamic State Variables
Fundamental Concepts
Thermodynamic state variables describe the equilibrium state of a system.
Ideal Gas Law: PV = nRT
First Law: ΔU = Q - W
Second Law: ΔS ≥ 0
where:
- P = Pressure
- V = Volume
- T = Temperature
- n = Number of moles
- R = Gas constant
- U = Internal energy
- Q = Heat transfer
- W = Work done
- S = Entropy
Thermodynamic Processes
- Isothermal: T = constant
- Isobaric: P = constant
- Isochoric: V = constant
- Adiabatic: Q = 0
- Cyclic: Initial = Final state
- Reversible: Ideal process
- Irreversible: Real process
- Quasi-static: Infinitely slow
- Polytropic: PVⁿ = constant
- Free Expansion: No work done
- Phase Changes
- Heat Engines
Applications and Analysis
Heat Engines
Carnot cycle efficiency
Power Plants
Rankine cycle
Refrigeration
Vapor compression
Gas Turbines
Brayton cycle
Chemical Reactions
Enthalpy changes
Phase Transitions
Latent heat